% You can create defaults if no inputs are created
if ~exist('validRange','var') && isempty(validRange)
   validRange=0:1
end

%Sometimes its nice to have variables available outside a function without it being assigned an output
%This is good for me where I have a function that spontaneously crashes before data is saved
%I can send data from function workspace to 'base'/default workspace before I reach that line
%I can then cleanup the data and save it manually
%assignin -> send variable from one workspace to another
assignin('base','A_base',A_fcn)

%Remember how 'plot' has options that can be assigned by a field?
%You can do this same thing with input parsing
functionA(varargin)                      %Varargin is an input variable that allows for an ambiguous number of inputs
p = inputParser('variableA',variableA);  %Essentially just reads through all inputs and organizes them
p.addParameter('variableA','D',@ischar); %Checks to make sure that variable is is of char type, assigns default 'D' if not present
variableA          =p.Results.variableA; %Optional, but easier to use 'variableA' in this format

function R = questionaire(Q,validRange)
%A questionaire that accepts responses in numbers
% Q          - Questions to ask
% validRange - range of numbers that are acceptable
% R          - Responses
assert(iscell(Q),'Questions are not in cell format.')
R=zeros(size(Q));
for i = 1:length(Q)
    clc %clear screen with every new question
    while true

        try
            %PROMPT FOR INPUT
            rsp=input([Q{i} ': '],'s');
            R(i)=str2double(rsp);

            %CHECK IF RESPONSE IS WITHIN RANGE
            fail=~ismember(R(i),validRange);
        catch
            fail=1;
        end

        if fail
            clc
            disp('Invalid response. Try again.')
        else
            break
        end

    end
end
clc
disp('Questionaire Complete. Thank you!')

function [] = ADDquestionaire(subj);
if ~exist('subj','var') || isempty(subj)
    error('Requires subject initials.');
end
Q=txt2lines('addquestions.txt');
validRange=1:9;
clc
input(['Welcome.' ...
   newline 'Please rate your response with the following questions with numbers ' num2str(validRange(1)) ' to ' num2str(validRange(end)) '.' ...
   newline 'Press return to start questionaire: '],'s');
R=questionaire(Q,validRange);
dname='ADDquestionaireResponses';
mkdir(dname);
fname=[ dname filesep subj '_addQs'];
save(fname,'R','subj')

%You can run this on your own, but you can generate similar data by running 'makeData'
%Lets build some scripts to analyze this data
%ANALYSIS SCRIPT
try
    dname='ADDquestionaireResponses';
    cd(dname);
    files=dir; %dir returns all contents of a directory
    files={files.name}; %the following process removes any files that don't end with .mat
    ind=contains(files,'mat');
    files=files(ind);
    scores=zeros(length(files),1);
    Subjs=cell(length(files),1);

    %PROCESS BY SUBJECT
    All=[]; %ALL IS A GOOD
    for i = 1:length(files)
        load(files{i});
        Subjs{i}=subj;
        S.(subj).R=R;
        scores(i)=sum(num2str(R));
        S.(subj).score=scores;
        S.(subj).num=i;
        All=[All; R];
    end

    %Z-SCORES
    zscores=zscore(scores);
    for i = 1:length(Subjs)
        S.(Subjs{i}).zscore=zscores(i);
    end

    figure(1)
    plot(zscores)
    title('ADD questionare Z-scores')
    xlabel('Subject number')
    ylabel('Z-Score')

    %Correlation
    n=randn(length(Subjs),1);
    rho=corr(scores,n);

    figure(2)
    plot(scores,n,'k.')
    title(['rho = ' num2str(rho)])

catch ME
    cd ..
    rethrow(ME)
end
cd ..

A=1:10
X=arrayfun(@testfun,A)

s=[100,200];
A=zeros(s);
N=randi(s(1),50,1); %example subscripts
M=randi(s(2),50,1); %example subscripts
indfun=@(x,y) x < 1 | y < 1 | x > s(2) | y > s(1);

ind=sub2ind(size(A),N(:),M(:));
B=A;
B(indo)=1;

imagesc(B)

fun=@(x,y) meshgrid(x-3:x+3, y-3:y+3);
[X,Y]=arrayfun(fun,M,N,'UniformOutput',false);
X=[X{:}];
Y=[Y{:}];

%Remove values otuside of range
ind=indfun(X,Y);
X(ind)=[];
Y(ind)=[];

%Convert subs 2 ind
ind=sub2ind(size(A),Y(:),X(:));

%VISUALIZE
D=A;
D(ind)=1;
imagesc(D);

X=zeros(length(N),7^2)
Y=zeros(length(N),7^2)
for i = 1:length(N)
    Nall=N(i)-3:N(i)+3;
    Mall=M(i)-3:M(i)+3;
    [x,y]=meshgrid(Mall,Nall);
    X(i,:)=x(:);
    Y(i,:)=y(:);
end

%Remove values otuside of range
ind=indfun(X,Y)
X(ind)=[];
Y(ind)=[];

%Convert subs 2 ind
indl=sub2ind(size(A),Y(:),X(:));
C=A;
C(indl)=1;

%VISUALIZE
imagesc(C)

data{1}='This is a string';
data{2}='This is also a string';
data{3}='A third string';
fun=@(x) strsplit(x);
cellfun(fun,data,'UniformOutput',false);

X=zeros(100,20);
for i = 1:length(X)
    m=rand(1);
    s=rand(1)*3;
    X(i,:)=normrnd(m,s,1,20);
end

m=bsxfun(@minus, X,mean(X,2))
size(m)
Z=bsxfun(@rdivide, m,std(X,[],2))

mean(Z,2)
std(Z,[],2)

%solve system of linear equations
syms x y z
eqn1 = 2*x + y + z == 2;
eqn2 = -x + y - z == 3;
eqn3 = x + 2*y + 3*z == -10;
sol = solve([eqn1, eqn2, eqn3], [x, y, z]);

while true
  waitforbuttonpress
  k = double(get(gcf,'CurrentCharacter'));
  disp(num2str(k))
  drawnow
end

A=rand(100,100,100);

keys.L=28; %LEFT
keys.R=29; %RIGHT
i=1;
while true
  imagesc(A(:,:,i))
  title(num2str(i))

  waitforbuttonpress
  k = double(get(gcf,'CurrentCharacter'));
  switch k
    case keys.L
      i=i-1;
    case keys.R
      i=i+1;
  end
  if i < 1
      i=1;
  elseif i > size(A,3)
    break
  end

end

varA="this is a string"
out=varA.split()
#out=["this", "is", "a, "string"]

varA='some string';
out=strsplit(varA)
%out=["this", "is", "a, "string"]

classdef exampleClassName
 properties
    var1
    var2=1
    var3
 end
 methods
   function obj = exampleClassName(obj,var1)
    %Contructors are methods that create objects
       obj.var1=var1
   end
   function obj = method2(obj,val)
   %Contructors are methods that create objects
       obj.var3=3
   end
 end

%To create an object from this class
obj=exampleClassName(60)
obj.var1
obj.var2
obj.var3

%To call one of its methods
obj=object1.method2
obj.var3

classdef experiment < handle
properties
  name
  author
  type
  subjects
end
methods
  function obj=expermient(name)
    obj.name();
  end
  function obj=change_properties(obj,author,type,nblocks)
    obj.author=author;
    obj.type=type;
    obj.nblocks=nblocks
    obj.save();
  end
  function obj=add_subject2exp(obj,subjName)
    obj.subjName{end+1}=subjName;
    obj.save();
  end
  function subj=get_subject(obj,subjName)
    subj=subject('subjName')
    subj.load();
  end
  function obj=run_subj(obj,subjName)
    if ~isfield(obj.subjects,'subjName')
      obj.add_subject2exp(subjName)
    end
    subj=get_subject(subjName);
    block=subj.get_next_block();
    data=obj.run(); %notice not in this class
    subj.data.(obj.name).block=data
    subj.save();
    subj.update_completion();
  end
  function obj=save(obj)
    save(obj.name,'obj')
  end
  function obj=load(obj)
    load(obj.name)
  end
  function obj=run(obj)
    %SOME EXPERIMENT CODE HERE
  end
end
end
function experment1 < handle & experiment
methods
  function obj=run(obj)
    %SOME EXPERIMENT CODE HERE
  end
end
end

classdef subject < handle
properties
  age
  name
  sex
  status
  experiments %blocks
  data
end
methods
  function obj=subject(obj)
  end
  function obj=get_next_exp(obj)
  end
  function obj=get_next_block(obj,expName)
  end
  function obj=change_status
  end
  function obj=change_status_to_train
  end
  function obj=change_status_to_run
  end
  function obj=update_completion
  end
  function obj=load(obj)
    obj.check()
    load(obj.name)
  end
  function obj=check()
  end
  function obj=save()
    save(obj.name,'obj')
  end
  function obj=show_completed()
  end
end

%Making advanced changes to properties of figure
f=figure(1)
%whether you assign to a variable, your figure is an object with properties
%you can change these through f, or if you havn't assigned a variable, you can use gcf
fig=gcf %get current figure

%To make some advanced changes to your axes, you need to adjust the properties of your axes object
axes=gca %get current axes

%Not all properties are listed.  See "Figure Properties" in online documentation

%You can have code that doesn't error-out if something goes wrong
try
%Run Something that may break
catch ME; %ME is struct that contains the error message
%do something, like save data
  rethrow(ME); %rethrows error
end

try
%Warning %Disp with 'Warning:' attached to the beginning & can trigger debugging tools (next section)
%Error - create your own errors!
%assert -> throw error if condition is not met - like an if statement and 'error' combined

a=nan;
b=1;
try
  z(:,:,i)=imresize(A,[a,b])
catch
  z(:,:,i)=zeros(a,b);
end

%You can tell matlab to run a system command line function
program='matlab'
command=['ps aux | grep ' program] %You can pass matlab variables to it;
[status,out]=system(command)
%On linux/mac, status will return
%  1 if error
%  0 if successful

%If using logical indexing, always use & and |
%When using if statements, && and || are prefferable
% && and || do what is called 'short-circuiting'
if exist('variableA','var') && exist(variableA)
%if statement 1 fails, it will short-circuit, meaning that it won't test statement2
if exist('variableA','var') & exist(variableA)
%if statement 1 fails, it will test statement2 in this case, and error-out

path %list path
g=genpath('/home') %returns all directiories within /home
addpath(g)         %add all directiroies within home to path